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Summary

Land surface characteristics, especially slope and highs and lows or irregularities, substantially affect the efficiency of irrigation systems. Indeed, the type of irrigation system to be employed is determined by the land surface itself. Ideally the land surface should be such that the irrigation water moves as uniformly as possible but the natural landscape is not always so. Therefore, the natural landscape or topography is altered, entailing the movement of earth from one place (high) to another (low). Land leveling or smoothing is one of the most important surface irrigation management and design practices. The objective of this chapter is to discuss the methodology for altering the landscape and various aspects thereof.

The distribution of mangrove forests is limited to the coastal zones of tropical and subtropical regions, and their total area is far smaller than that of upland forests (Spalding et al. 2010). Mangrove forests often show unique patterns of biomass allocation and carbon dynamics because they are periodically submerged by tides (Komiyama et al. 2008). Therefore, the contribution of mangrove forests to the global carbon fixation process should be carefully evaluated even though their distribution area is limited.

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24 - Land Leveling

Summary

High primary productivity under submerged soil raises the net ecosystem productivity of a secondary mangrove forest in eastern Thailand

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2 results

24 - Land Leveling

Summary

High primary productivity under submerged soil raises the net ecosystem productivity of a secondary mangrove forest in eastern Thailand