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Ancient markets and trading activity in the city of Athens are attested not only through literary sources describing where to buy certain goods and what happens when deals fall through, but also through the archaeology of market buildings, the equipment of buying and selling, and the containers for transporting and storing wine, oil, and other commodities.
Throughout the many centuries of their existence, the Academy, the Peripatos, the Garden, and the Stoa complemented and competed with each other in promoting distinctive ways of being in the world. The development of their philosophical thought amid the historical and topographical realities of ancient Athens turned their adherents into enduring models of how people should think, act, live, and die.
A large part of the history of the reception and interpretation of Homer takes the form of allegorical interpretation. In the West, the role of allegory is greatest in the Middle Ages and Renaissance, but various techniques of allegorical interpretation can be traced to the earliest commentary on Homer in the Archaic period.
The Greek city was a creation of the Archaic period, in architectural form as in political, religious and social life. Next to the major temples, the city walls were the most impressive works of architecture. Marble was used on a bigger scale in the fifth century, for whole temples and occasionally other buildings. At Acragas in the course of the century a series of temples was built; at Athens a great building programme was carried out in the second half of the century. The Doric and Ionic orders, fully developed in the sixth century, attained perfection by the middle of the fifth. The greatest sanctuaries attained a complex form in course of time, without a formal plan. The stoa played a vital role in Greek life and architecture. The uses of the stoas cover the whole range of Greek political, religious and social life.
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