We estimated the impact of the Indian tariff on the demand for imported fresh apples from theUnited States. A 1% decrease in the tariff would increase the quantities demanded by 3.83%. If India eliminates the tariff on all imported fresh apples, total consumer welfare in terms of the imported fresh apple market will increase by $120 million yearly, 57% of the value of all fresh apples imported by India in 2015. This study adds evidence on the effects of tariff reduction on trade volume and welfare of consumers in the importing country.

The first-difference version of a source-differentiated almost ideal demand system is used to estimate demand for Ivorian rice imports. The results indicate that Thailand will benefit most from an expansion of imports of luxury rice and broken rice products. Vietnam will gain from growth in the market for standard rice. The results also suggest that adoption of a new 35 percent tariff policy to protect the domestic industry will not be enough to improve social welfare in Côte d'Ivoire in spite of increased production value.

The first difference version of the restricted source-differentiated almost ideal demand system is used to estimate South Korean meat demand. The results of this study indicate that the United States has the most to gain from an increase in the size of the South Korean imported meat market in terms of its beef exports, while South Korea has the most to gain from this expansion in the pork market. Moreover, the results indicate that the United States has a competitive advantage to Australia in the South Korean beef market. Results of this study have implications for U.S. meat exports in this ever-changing policy environment.