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  • 6 - From Barrier to Bridge

  • Henry Lee, Harvard University, Massachusetts, Daniel P. Schrag, Harvard University, Massachusetts, Matthew Bunn, Harvard University, Massachusetts, Michael Davidson, University of California, San Diego, Wei Peng, Wang Pu, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Mao Zhimin, Harvard University, Massachusetts
  • Book:
    Foundations for a Low-Carbon Energy System in China
    Published online:
    02 December 2021
    Print publication:
    09 December 2021, pp 121-156

  • Summary

    Rapid economic growth in China has predominantly relied on coal-fired electricity and coal use in industry, generating an increasing range of economic, environmental, and health costs. While many policies aim to restrict – and reverse – coal’s growth, the transition from coal to low-carbon alternatives is neither automatic nor just around the corner. Entrenched technological systems, political interests, and historical factors serve to maintain coal’s dominance. For China to prepare for deep decarbonization by mid-century, it must proactively convert coal from a barrier to a bridge – productively repurposing and valuing coal assets for flexible operation, addressing the difficult coal-based district heating infrastructure in the north – develop alternative fuels and feedstocks for industry and households, and mitigate the immense socioeconomic consequences of this transition on governments, firms, and workers.