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31 results

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  • 5 - The Haitian Revolution and Socio-economic Rights

  • from Part I - Religion, Markets, States
  • Edited by Steven L. B. Jensen, Charles Walton, University of Warwick
  • Book:
    Social Rights and the Politics of Obligation in History
    Published online:
    11 January 2022
    Print publication:
    06 January 2022, pp 82-98

  • Summary

    This chapter traces the socio-economic dimensions of rights development in the Haitian Revolution (1791–1804). The author argues that, in the context of this revolution, which began with a revolt against slavery but became an anti-colonial struggle for independence, the conceptual separation of civil and political rights, on the one hand, and socio-economic rights, on the other, makes little sense. The story of the birth of the world’s first black republic reveals the co-dependency of socio-economic rights and citizenship rights in a struggle for liberation and dignity. The intertwined nature of citizenship and socio-economic justice is examined across several documents, including the 1801 Constitution of Saint-Domingue and the 1805 Imperial Constitution of Haiti, as well as other texts written by the revolutionaries themselves. The chapter suggests that, rather than date the advent of socio-economic rights to the twentieth century, historians should look for the socio-economic stakes of prior struggles over civil and political rights and the ways in which certain protagonists in those struggles tried to suppress them.

  • Abolition and the Registration of Slaves and Libertos in Portuguese Mozambique, 1856–76

  • Daniel B. Domingues da Silva, Edward A. Alpers
  • Journal:
    The Journal of African History / Volume 62 / Issue 3 / November 2021
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    21 January 2022, pp. 377-393
    Print publication:
    November 2021

  • Beginning in 1856 and ending in 1876, Portuguese colonial authorities in Mozambique registered almost 55,000 enslaved and freed Africans (libertos). The sources for these twinned registration processes are located in the national archives of Portugal and Mozambique. Fragments of the originals survive for only six of the ten districts of the colony, but contemporary copies exist for nearly all districts. Combined, they provide a unique opportunity to understand both the extent of slavery — as opposed to the export slave trade — and the process of abolition in late-nineteenth-century Mozambique. In this article we first describe the registers themselves, then focus on the registration of enslaved and freed Africans, the resistance of slaveholders, and the kinds of information that we can glean from the registers. We also explore the ways in which freed Africans were employed after registration and the extent to which being a liberto implied ‘freedom’. Finally, we consider how the registration led to new laws and policies in Portuguese Africa, opening a new era of European colonialism and imperial expansion.

  • THE DIASPORA OF AFRICANS LIBERATED FROM SLAVE SHIPS IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY*

  • Daniel Domingues da Silva, David Eltis, Philip Misevich, Olatunji Ojo
  • Journal:
    The Journal of African History / Volume 55 / Issue 3 / November 2014
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    22 September 2014, pp. 347-369
    Print publication:
    November 2014
    • Article
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  • This article uses the extensive documentation of Africans liberated from slave vessels to explore issues of identity and freedom in the nineteenth-century Atlantic world. It tracks the size, origin, and movement of the Liberated African diaspora, offers a preliminary analysis of the ‘disposal’ of African recaptives in societies on both sides of the Atlantic, and assesses the opportunities Liberated Africans had in shaping their post-disembarkation experiences. While nearly all Liberated Africans were pulled at least partly into the Atlantic wage economy, the article concludes that recaptive communities in Freetown and its hinterland most closely met the aspirations of the Liberated Africans themselves while the fate of recaptives settled in the Americas paralleled those who were enslaved.

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