Nicholas Kelly was born a slave on a plantation just north of Charleston in 1823. His enslaver, William Kelly, purchased him from Thomas N. Gadsden, one of the most successful slave traders in Charleston. William, a general building contractor who specialized in masonry work, trained Nicholas as a plasterer, a skill he soon mastered. Banks and slave brokers issued short-term mortgages on slave purchases, thus encouraging speculation in slaves. In 1845, William participated directly in the Gulf Coast slave trade, when he brought Nicholas and eleven more slaves to New Orleans. William hired Nicholas out to a New Orleans plasterer. A year later, he left Nicholas in New Orleans to continue working in New Orleans because he commanded such high wages. Nicholas negotiated with William that he could purchase his freedom for $1,000. The deal soured when his slave broker in New Orleans reported Nicholas had not been paying his wages. Nicholas argued he had paid $200 above his normal wages. Regardless, William went to New Orleans to retrieve Nicholas and he literally whipped Nicholas in to the cargo hold.

While William H. Williams was in jail and otherwise occupied in New Orleans, his jailers, Joshua Staples and Ebenezer Rodbird, and his brother Thomas Williams assumed control of the family slaving operations. This chapter analyzes the Williams brothers’ human cargoes, the geographic scope of their business, and the specific business practices that made them so successful in the trade. Meanwhile, in 1844, Louisiana’s Attorney General, Christian Roselius, secured a re–hearing before the Louisiana state Supreme Court on Williams’ case, based on different legal grounds than in the previous trial. This time, the Supreme Court ruled against William H. Williams.