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  • 7 - Semantic Normativity, Properly So Called

  • Edited by Claudine Verheggen, York University, Toronto
  • Book:
    Kripke's <i>Wittgenstein on Rules and Private Language</i> at 40
    Published online:
    22 February 2024
    Print publication:
    08 February 2024, pp 124-141

  • Summary

    Kripke finds in Wittgenstein an argument for the view that there is no such thing as meaning. A key premise in that argument is that there are semantic norms – norms governing the uses of expressions that hold in virtue of what those expressions mean. Standardly, those norms are understood to be norms of truth – roughly, they permit truly applying expressions and prohibit falsely applying them. An increasing number of philosophers reject the standard interpretation. In this chapter, I explore alternative construals due to Alan Millar and Indrek Reiland and argue that they are either unmotivated or not competitors with the standard account. In doing so, I defend a kind of pluralism about semantic normativity. If there are norms of truth that hold in virtue of what expressions mean, there will be further norms that make reference to the doxastic, epistemic, and motivational states of language-users, norms that are explanatory posterior to the norms of truth.