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  • 3 - International Guidelines and Best Practices on Leniency Programmes

  • from Part II - Leniency in Historical, International and Theoretical Context
  • Edited by Steven Van Uytsel, Mark Fenwick, Yoshiteru Uemura
  • Book:
    Leniency in Asian Competition Law
    Published online:
    15 September 2022
    Print publication:
    22 September 2022, pp 67-103

  • Summary

    This chapter sheds light on the international organisations that have been active in proliferating leniency programmes. This contribution includes the efforts of the OECD, ICN, UNCTAD and ASEAN. For each of these organisations, the chapter argues that they have a tendency to look for the common elements among existing leniency programmes and present them as an international guideline or best practice. When the existing leniency programmes diverge, the international guideline or best practice is to offer options. By not further clarifying these options, the chapter holds, the international organisations do no more than summarise local practices and pull them outside of their context. Due to this practice, convergence is unlikely to happen because, when the international guidelines or best practices are consulted, there will be an automatic reflex to also consult existing local practices and the existing literature regarding those practices.