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Universities are not only institutions of higher education; they also constitute powerful economic actors not the least as buyers of products and services for their own use and for sale to their customers. A special category of products is the clothes, sportswear, memorabilia and many other goods which carry – often conspicuously – the logo of the university. The chapter narrates the 20-plus year history of the search by the University of Notre Dame for its policy to promote corporate responsibility in the supply chains of Notre Dame trademark-licensed products. With the help of two organizations specializing in supply chain assessment, Notre Dame developed a new policy, which is appropriate – with a high level of confidence – to respect human rights in factories located in countries with and without national legislation of freedom of association and collective bargaining. The chapter concludes with policy suggestions for other universities and outlines several research opportunities for investigating corporate responsibility in supply chains.
To explore the current status of academic primary care research in Arab countries and investigate the barriers to its adequate implementation.
Background
Research is an essential building block that ensures the advancement of the discipline of Family Medicine (FM). FM research thus ought to be contributed to by all family physicians; nevertheless, its development is being hindered worldwide by several challenges. The amount of research conducted by academic academic family physicians and general practitioners is scant. This phenomenon is more pronounced in the Arab countries.
Methods
An online questionnaire was emailed to all academic family physicians practicing in member Arab countries of the World Organization of Family Doctors WONCA-East Mediterranean Region.
Findings
Seventy-six out of 139 academic family physicians from eight Arab countries completed the questionnaire. Around 75% reported that they are required to conduct research studies, yet only 46% contributed to at least one publication. While 75% and 52.6% disclosed their interest in participating in a research team and in leading a research team respectively, 64.5% reported being currently involved in research activities. Of all, 56% have attended a research ethics course. Lack of training in research, the unavailability of a healthcare system that is supportive of research, insufficient financial resources, and the unavailability of electronic health records were perceived as major barriers in conducting FM research.
Conclusion
Although many physicians in Arab academic institutions expressed enthusiasm to conduct research projects, FM research infrastructure remains to be weak. This demonstrates the need for immense efforts from different parties particularly governments and academic institutions.
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