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2 results

  • 10 - Definition of hyperandrogenism

  • Edited by Adam Balen, University of Leeds, Stephen Franks, Roy Homburg, Sean Kehoe
  • Book:
    Current Management of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
    Published online:
    05 July 2014
    Print publication:
    01 October 2010, pp 117-124

  • Summary

    The diagnosis of hyperandrogenism is dependent on the accuracy and precision of measurement of the clinical features and the laboratory androgen assays. Hyperandrogenism in the context of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a term used loosely to encompass both the clinical features of acne, hirsuties and androgenic alopecia and the laboratory evidence of hyperandrogenaemia. The relationship between acne and biochemical hyperandrogenaemia is well established but the number of women with acne in unselected populations is so great that it makes the link with PCOS unconvincing, particularly since the incidence of acne seems to be greater than that of PCOS. Anovulation is assessed by measuring the serum progesterone during the mid-luteal phase. Consecutive series of women with either a single symptom or various combinations of symptoms would be subjected to formal receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis to determine the optimal diagnostic characteristics.

  • Development and validation of a short form of the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory – the GAI-SF

  • Gerard J. Byrne, Nancy A. Pachana
  • Journal:
    International Psychogeriatrics / Volume 23 / Issue 1 / February 2011
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    18 June 2010, pp. 125-131

  • Background: Anxiety symptoms and anxiety disorders are highly prevalent among older people and are associated with considerable disability burden. While several instruments now exist to measure anxiety in older people, there is a need for a very brief self-report scale to measure anxiety symptoms in epidemiological surveys, in primary care and in acute geriatric medical settings. Accordingly, we undertook the development of such a scale, based on the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory.

    Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of randomly selected, community-residing, older women (N = 284; mean age 72.2 years) using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses. DSM-IV diagnostic interviews were undertaken using the Mini International Diagnostic Interview, fifth edition (MINI-V).

    Results: We developed a 5-item version of the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory, which we have termed the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory – Short Form (GAI-SF). We found that a score of three or greater was optimal for the detection of DSM-IV Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) in this community sample. At this cut-point, sensitivity was 75%, specificity was 87%, and 86% of participants were correctly classified. GAI-SF score was not related to age, MMSE score, level of education or perceived income adequacy. Internal consistency was high (Cronbach's α = 0.81) and concurrent validity against the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory was good (rs = 0.48, p < 0.001).

    Conclusions: The GAI-SF is a short form of the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory, which we recommend for use in epidemiological studies. It may also be useful in primary care and acute geriatric medical settings.