Climate change has a significant impact on ecosystems, agriculture, natural resources, environment and infrastructure development. Natural resources, including water resources, are particularly vulnerable to climate change. Climate change is expected to affect future water demand and the availability of water resources. Besides, the demand for clean water supplies is increasing worldwide due to population growth. Sustainable water management is required to satisfy the increasing water demand and the uncertainty of the availability and quality of water under climate change. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 2007, in its fourth assessment report, has listed rainwater harvesting among the specific adaptation measures to cope with future climate change. Rainwater harvesting systems meet current and future water demands and improve water resources management in many countries across the world. This chapter provides critical and comprehensive reviews of studies about the history, methods and environmental benefits of rainwater harvesting and identifies its potential and limitations and its role in developing a more sustainable water resource management under climate change. This review may contribute to improving adaptation strategies of rainwater harvesting for sustainable water resources management under changing climate.