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5 results

  • 16 - The Inclusionary Turn and Its Political Limitations

  • from Part IV - Inclusion, Populism, and Democracy
  • Edited by Diana Kapiszewski, Georgetown University, Washington DC, Steven Levitsky, Harvard University, Massachusetts, Deborah J. Yashar, Princeton University, New Jersey
  • Book:
    The Inclusionary Turn in Latin American Democracies
    Published online:
    12 January 2021
    Print publication:
    04 February 2021, pp 518-538

  • Summary

    Although Latin America’s inclusionary turn produced tangible benefits for lower-income citizens, these benefits remained partial and politically contingent. The new inclusion extended recognition, access, and resources to social sectors left behind or excluded from the historical process of labor incorporation, but it was noted more for its breadth than its depth, for pluralist as opposed to corporatist modes of interest representation, and for organizational diffuseness rather than density. These traits help explain why the new inclusionary turn was associated with an “easy stage” of redistributive politics in which politically innocuous, low-cost cash transfers could be made to large numbers of weakly or non-organized popular constituencies. They also help explain why the region struggled to advance toward a “higher stage” of redistributive politics requiring more expensive and politically contentious investments in public services and institutional reforms

  • Homeric Communities

  • from Part II - Homeric World
  • Edited by Corinne Ondine Pache
  • Edited in association with Casey Dué , University of Houston, Susan Lupack , Macquarie University, Sydney, Robert Lamberton, Washington University, St Louis
  • Book:
    The Cambridge Guide to Homer
    Published online:
    22 February 2020
    Print publication:
    05 March 2020, pp 225-244

  • Summary

    If we look beyond the unusual circumstances that prevail in both the Iliad and Odyssey, we find a fragmented world in which relatively small-scale local communities are the norm. In this chapter we reconstruct what Homeric communities look like and how they function, considering their basic social, political, economic, and religious structures. If we wish to link this picture to a specific archaeological period, the degree of settlement and community organization of Homeric communities seems fairly comparable to that of the Early Archaic period.

  • 16 - Native Peoples of Colonial Central Mexico

  • Edited by Richard E. W. Adams, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Murdo J. MacLeod, University of Florida
  • Book:
    The Cambridge History of the Native Peoples of the Americas
    Published online:
    28 March 2008
    Print publication:
    13 April 2000, pp 187-222

  • Summary

    The central Mexican peoples were fairly homogeneous in language and culture. For the indigenous peoples of central Mexico, the Conquest marked the breakup of the superstructure of the Aztec empire, but many of the component polities became bastions of indigenous social, economic, and political life under Spanish Colonial rule. Like the Spanish colonial political organization, which was built on existing native patterns, the structure of the Spanish religious structure also was. In the colonial period class divisions and family structure changed. Central Mexican native society at the time of the Conquest was divided between elites and commoners, with gradations of status within these two categories. Early sources in Spanish describing prehispanic land tenure delineate a number of different categories of land. Some major shifts occurred in the colonial period in economic relations, particularly in economic exchanges. The importance of shifts within the Nahuatl language in the colonial period has been postulated as indicators of shifts in native culture.

  • CHAPTER XX - THE AMARNA LETTERS FROM PALESTINE

  • Edited by I. E. S. Edwards, C. J. Gadd, N. G. L. Hammond, E. Sollberger
  • Book:
    The Cambridge Ancient History
    Published online:
    28 March 2008
    Print publication:
    18 September 1975, pp 98-116

  • Summary

    In 1915 the publication of all then available Amarna Tablets, begun by J. A. Knudtzon in 1907, was completed. Since then another seven important tablets belonging to the original find have been published. About 150 of the letters either are written directly from or to Palestine, or are so immediately concerned with Palestinian affairs that they fall within the scope of this chapter. During the two centuries of Egyptian occupation of Palestine since the conquest under Amosis and Amenophis I, its political organization had become more or less normalized. Certain princes exercised acknowledged feudal rights over other weaker chieftains; for example, Tagu was the immediate suzerain of the chief of Gath (Jett) in Sharon. The population of Palestine in the Amarna age was small; it was mostly concentrated on the coastal plains and the adjacent low hills, the plain of Esdraelon and the Jordan valley.