Weeds can infest management-intensive grazed pastures and impact forage
quantity, forage quality, and animal health. Common burdock, plumeless
thistle, and Canada thistle are three common pasture weeds in the midwestern
United States that are managed to avoid these impacts. Experiments were
established at two sites to determine if increasing grazing heights from
fall through summer would reduce emergence and survival of burdock,
plumeless thistle, and Canada thistle seedlings. Five simulated grazing
heights (5, 10, 15, and 20 cm and a not-clipped treatment) were implemented
in October 2008 and repeated in May through August. Density of all species
was reduced from May to September, with reductions ranging from 65 to 78%,
regardless of treatment. Treatments that left at least 15 cm of residual
grass had reduced densities of burdock and Canada thistle compared to the
10-cm treatment. Regression analysis demonstrated that reduction in burdock
and summed planted weed density was related to increased intercepted
photosynthetically active radiation from forage in April. However, total
biomass yield was reduced up to 60% when grazing heights were increased from
5 to 20 cm, although differences were only observed at the fall and early
spring grazing events. Relative forage quality (RFQ) was similar across
treatments, except at the third grazing event for which the 15 and 20-cm
treatments had reduced RFQ compared with other treatments. Results suggest
that increasing grazing heights can reduce emergence and survival of burdock
and Canada thistle but can also result in a reduction in forage quantity in
the fall and early spring.