Doris Lessing was one of the most restless novelists of her generation. She toggled between realist bildungsromane, autofiction, postmodernist experimentation, and speculative fiction. Despite her restlessness, she remained committed to the novel of ideas, using these different subgenres to entertain philosophical debates about autonomy, group membership, racism, and social progress. Surprisingly, as this chapter demonstrates, Lessing’s swerve into speculative fiction was conditioned by her status as a target of MI5 surveillance. Although Lessing knew she was being watched, she did not turn to the paranoid style of George Orwell. Instead, she used her fiction to suggest that an imperialist intelligence network could be outwitted by individuals who harness the powers of intelligent perception, or ESP: reading minds, forecasting future events, even communicating across species. The way to beat a repressive police network was to mimic its capabilities, bringing the arts of surveillance into the fold of human consciousness itself.

This chapter considers ways in which the Australian novel emerged in the early nineteenth century through a cross-pollination of different genres and narrative styles that moved across national boundaries. It discusses the institutional assumptions that have informed the construction of national literatures more generally, while examining the intermixture of fact and fiction that gave impetus to the formation of the Australian novel. It discusses in particular how Henry Savery’s Quintus Servinton and James Tucker’s Ralph Rashleigh reimagine the traditional cultural landscape of eighteenth-century Europe, creating an idiom of mock epic that speaks to a new world of political radicalism and moral ambivalence. Such ambiguities are also traced in John Lang’s The Forger’s Wife and Lady Mary Fox’s Account of an Expedition to the Interior of New Holland, with the latter indicating how the eighteenth-century philosophical novel continued to shape nineteenth-century Australian fiction. This mixture of influences is also considered in relation to novels by Charles Rowcroft, Alexander Harris, Louisa Atkinson, Anna Maria Bunn and others, suggesting that early Australian fiction encompasses a greater geographical and intellectual range than is commonly assumed. The essay concludes that the early Australian novel should properly be understood as a compelling and significant part of World Literature.