This chapter gathers information on the quality of Tanzanian institutions from various sources: international databases of governance/institutional indicators, a questionnaire survey among local actors in business, civil society, political, and academic circles, and in open-ended interviews with prominent decision makers and observers. The three approaches are convergent on the likely constraints that Tanzania’s institutions enact on economic development. Conclusions are a bit less clear in the case of synthetic institutional indicators, which tend to combine many different dimensions of institutions. Yet relative institutional weaknesses are readily apparent. What emerges more precisely from the three exercises are the following institutional weaknesses: 1) poor control of corruption; 2) the poor regulation of business, including state owned enterprises; 3) the ambiguous and complex legal system and management of land use rights; 4) the inefficient organisation of the civil service and delivery of public goods; and 5) the lack of coordination between state entities, including a strong centralisation bias, which does not exclude responsibility overlap.