Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) neuroimaging investigations in schizophrenia have been used for a variety of purposes. Cognitive-based designs are generally chosen, so that particular brain regions or circuits could be specifically probed. In recent years novel analysis methods have enabled much useful information to be extracted from the type of taskless design that was generally abandoned for PET imaging in the 1980s. Independent component analysis (ICA) is used to identify temporally coherent networks. Some investigators have also started with active positive clinical symptoms, for example hallucinations. Human versions of the hippocampally dependent Morris water task assess allocentric navigation, or three-dimensional mazes, that can be presented as virtual-reality tasks in the fMRI scanner. New discoveries in the genetics of schizophrenia have begun to have more impact on functional neuroimaging research. Parallel independent component analysis (para-ICA) is used to identify simultaneously independent components of imaging and genetic modalities.