Seed deterioration, and therefore seed germination potential, are highly
influenced by relative humidity and temperature. However, limited
species-specific information is available about the effect of long-term
soaking in water on seed germination potential. Knowing the potential fate
of a creeping bentgrass seed that falls in an irrigation canal is important
for the study of transgene flow in this species at the landscape level. The
objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of soaking time and
water temperature on germination of creeping bentgrass seed and to assess
how fast a panicle could be moved in an irrigation canal. Germination was
determined for seeds from panicles of three cultivars of creeping bentgrass
that were soaked in water for up to 17 wk at two water temperatures, 4 and
20 C. Creeping bentgrass seeds did not lose their ability to germinate after
17 wk in water at 20 C and, although reduced, germination was still 46%
after 17 wk in water at 4 C. The reduction in germination in seeds from
panicles kept in water at 4 C was due to the induction of secondary
dormancy, which was overcome by dry seed storage at room temperature. We
quantified that a panicle that falls in an irrigation canal has the
potential to travel downstream at an average rate of 19 m min−1
and move seeds that could potentially establish seedlings elsewhere.
Therefore, movement of creeping bentgrass seed by water has to be considered
as a means of gene flow.