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Chapter 30 - Ethical issues arising in airway management
from Section 4 - Ethics and the law
- By Andrew D.M. McLeod, Steven M. Yentis
Edited by Ian Calder, Adrian Pearce
Book:

Core Topics in Airway Management

Published online:

10 January 2011

Print publication:

16 December 2010, pp 287-292
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Summary

Airway-related problems are the most common critical incidents in paediatric anaesthesia and are four times more common in infants than in older children. This chapter discusses anatomical and physiological differences in the paediatric airway. Straight laryngoscope blades are useful in infants up to about the age of 3 to 6 months. In contrast to the tracheal tube (TT), paediatric laryngeal mask airways (LMAs) are sized according to patient weight. There are a number of syndromes and pathologies that are known to be associated with difficult airway management. There are a number of causes, both congenital and acquired, of airway obstruction in the child. The general principles of airway management are the same regardless of underlying cause, however, there are two scenarios that deserve special attention: inhalation of a foreign body, and acute epiglottitis. Rapid sequence induction is not a standard in paediatric practice.