We examine the reverse-mathematical strength of several theorems in classical and effective model theory concerning first-order theories and their number of models. We prove that, among these, most are equivalent to one of the familiar systems RCA0, WKL0, or ACA0. We are led to a purely model-theoretic statement that implies WKL0 but refutes ACA0 over RCA0.

Suppose λ is a singular cardinal of uncountable cofinality κ. For a model of cardinality λ, let No() denote the number of isomorphism types of models of cardinality λ which are L∞λ-equivalent to . In [7] Shelah considered inverse κ-systems of abelian groups and their certain kind of quotient limits Gr()/ Fact(). In particular Shelah proved in [7, Fact 3.10] that for every cardinal Μ there exists an inverse κ-system such that consists of abelian groups having cardinality at most Μκ and card(Gr()/ Fact()) = Μ. Later in [8, Theorem 3.3] Shelah showed a strict connection between inverse κ-systems and possible values of No (under the assumption that θκ < λ for every θ < λ): if is an inverse κ-system of abelian groups having cardinality < λ, then there is a model such that card() = λ and No() = card(Gr()/ Fact()). The following was an immediate consequence (when θκ < λ for every θ < λ): for every nonzero Μ < λ or Μ = λκ there is a model , of cardinality λ with No() = Μ. In this paper we show: for every nonzero Μ ≤ λκ there is an inverse κ-system of abelian groups having cardinality < λ such that card(Gr()/ Fact()) = Μ (under the assumptions 2κ < λ and θ<κ < λ for all θ < λ when Μ > λ), with the obvious new consequence concerning the possible value of No. Specifically, the case No() = λ is possible when θκ > λ for every λ < λ.