Fifty tetrathyridia of Mesocestoides corti showing various degrees of scolex fission during asexual multiplication were subjected to estimation of the total number of neurons in the central ganglia, using a ‘fractionator’ designed sampling scheme on every 10th Historesin section through the specimen. Neurons were stained with Cresyl fast violet and viewed by transmission light microscopy. Cells were only counted if a nucleolus was present. The animals were divided into groups according to their stage in the asexual reproduction process indicated by head shape and sucker number. Animals which had a narrow head with 4 suckers contained about 250 neurons. As their heads became wider, in preparation for fission, neurons were overproduced by up to 5-fold. As additional suckers were developed (8 in total), neurons were reduced to about 500. Finally, when the animals had 2 clearly discernible heads, with 4 suckers on each, the total number of neurons (per head) was again approximately 250. As the heads became wider again, neuron over-production recommenced. Exceptionally shaped animals with an X- or T-shaped single head were observed. These results suggest that there is a preparatory stage for neuronal regeneration, during which the basic population of neurons is about 250. This is followed by neuron over-production followed by a selective cell death of neurons which occurred during asexual multiplication. Another cycle for neuronal regeneration can occur before an animal completes its fission process.