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During summer 2020, observations of the mesosphere using a 53.5 MHz radar on Svalbard, at 78.2°N 15.1°E, revealed the well-known Polar Mesospheric Summer Echoes (PMSE). At the same time, a co-located meteor detection radar, operating at 31 MHz detected corresponding echoes very distinct from those associated with meteor trails. Comparing as many days as possible during 2020, incontestable evidence arose to demonstrate that the meteor detection radar was capable of observing PMSE, although not in the optimised fashion of the 53.5 MHz system. We present examples of results from both systems, supplementing the earlier findings of Swarnalingam et al. (2009), and simultaneously show very first results from this particular geographical location.

Summary

Standard form of forward and inverse Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). Sets up a systematic approach for generating frequency indices and calibrated frequencies for FFT spectra. Develops systematic approach for generating and interpreting amplitude and power spectra as vectors in a complete FFT output data-table with frequency indices. Worked examples using real time-series as typify ‘clean’ and ‘noisy’ data, data with single and multiple frequencies, data with trends.

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First observations of Polar Mesospheric Echoes at both 31 MHz and 53.5 MHz over Svalbard (78.2°N 15.1°E)

5 - Using the FFT to Identify Periodic Features in Time-Series

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First observations of Polar Mesospheric Echoes at both 31 MHz and 53.5 MHz over Svalbard (78.2°N 15.1°E)

5 - Using the FFT to Identify Periodic Features in Time-Series

Summary