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1 results

  • 2 - The bishops of Rome, 1100–1300

  • from PART I - INSTITUTIONS AND CHANGE: 1100–1200
  • Edited by Miri Rubin, Queen Mary University of London, Walter Simons, Dartmouth College, New Hampshire
  • Book:
    The Cambridge History of Christianity
    Published online:
    28 March 2010
    Print publication:
    02 July 2009, pp 22-38

  • Summary

    This chapter discusses the principal components of papal overlordship in the High Middle Ages and the criticisms levelled against overweening Roman might. The twelfth century witnessed the first large 'general' synods since the seminal councils of the fourth to the ninth centuries. Another procedure that added further to the business of the curia and to the prestige and authority of the papacy involved the canonization of saints. The emergence of papal power as an international force in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries could not have happened without the parallel development of two characteristic high-medieval institutions. In the next two centuries, proclamation by a pope was a virtual sine qua non for Holy War, whether directed against Muslims, Cathars, pagans or the political enemies of Rome. The chapter also considers the apostolic see's relationship with peoples on the expanding Latin-Christian periphery and beyond between 1100 and 1300.