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9 results

  • The effectiveness of anti-stigma interventions for reducing mental health stigma in young people: A systematic review and meta-analysis

  • Ning Song, Siobhan Hugh-Jones, Robert M. West, John Pickavance, Ghazala Mir
  • Journal:
    Cambridge Prisms: Global Mental Health / Volume 10 / 2023
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    10 July 2023, e39
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  • Experiencing mental health stigma during adolescence can exacerbate mental health conditions, reduce quality of life and inhibit young people’s help-seeking for their mental health needs. For young people, education and contact have most often been viewed as suitable approaches for stigma reduction. However, evidence on the effectiveness of these anti-stigma interventions has not been consistent. This systematic review evaluated the effectiveness of interventions to reduce mental health stigma among youth aged 10–19 years. The review followed Cochrane and PRISMA guidelines. Eight databases were searched: PubMed, PsycINFO, MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, EMBASE, British Education Index and CNKI. Hand searching from included studies was also conducted. Randomised controlled trials and experimental designs that included randomised allocation to interventions and control groups were included in the review. Narrative synthesis was employed to analyse the results. A meta-analysis was conducted to determine the effectiveness of included interventions. Twenty-two studies were included in the review. Eight studies reported positive effects, 11 studies found mixed effects and 3 studies reported no effect on indicators of mental health stigma among youth. Seven of the effective studies were education-based. Eleven studies were suitable for meta-analysis, and the multivariate meta-analytic model indicated a small, significant effect at post-intervention (d = .21, p < .001), but not at follow-up (d = .069, p = .347). Interventions to reduce stigma associated with mental health conditions showed small, short-term effects in young people. Education-based interventions showed relatively more significant effects than other types of interventions.

  • Representations of hallucinations and dissociation in young adult literature: using literature to challenge stigma about psychosis

  • C. da Cunha Koch, H. Coughlan, M. Cannon
  • Journal:
    Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine / Volume 41 / Issue 1 / March 2024
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    03 October 2022, pp. 125-131
    Print publication:
    March 2024
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  • This paper explores the role that sensitively portrayed literary representations of hallucinations and dissociation may have in counteracting stigma associated with these experiences. In it, we focus on narratives of young people experiencing hallucinatory and dissociative phenomena in two award-winning, young adult novels: How It Feels to Float by Helena Fox and A Monster Calls by Patrick Ness. We identify and discuss three literary devices in these two novels that promote empathy for the characters and their experiences. The narrative accounts in both novels challenge conceptions of hallucinations and dissociation as unknowable and unrelatable experiences with their empathic portrayals of relatable characters that create comprehensible accounts of adolescents grappling with their sense of reality. Importantly, they highlight the potential role that literature can play in stigma reduction by positively shaping young peoples’ understandings of unfamiliar mental health experiences.

  • Stigma towards mental illness in med students: you label me, I label you?

  • C. Cabacos, A.T. Pereira, M. Carneiro, F. Carvalho, A. Manão, A. Araújo, D. Pereira, A. Macedo
  • Journal:
    European Psychiatry / Volume 65 / Issue S1 / June 2022
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    01 September 2022, p. S354
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  • Introduction

    Evidence suggests that besides having stigmatizing misconceptions towards people with mental illness, medical students and doctors often resist seeking help for their own mental issues. This is a vulnerable group for stress and other mental health problems, due not only to professional burden but also high perfectionism and low self-compassion.

    Objectives

    To analyse the relationship between mental health stigma (MHS) and other variables related to personality and emotional states in a sample of medical students.

    Methods

    634 medicine and dentistry students (mean age = 21.6±6.9;81.4% female) answered to a survey including sociodemographic data, self-perception of psychological health/SPPH and the Portuguese validated versions of: Link’s Perceived Discrimination and Devaluation (PDD) scale to assess MHS and its two dimensions - social stigma/SocS and self-stigma/SelS; Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21); Neff’s Self-Compassion Scale (SCS); and Big Three Perfectionism Scale (BTPS). Correlations, t-student tests and linear regressions were performed with SPSS 27.0.

    Results

    Stigma correlated negatively to SPPH and positively to DASS, the negative poles of SCS (self-judgement, isolation and over-identification) and BTPS second-order factors (all from p<.05 to p<.01). No gender differences in MHS were observed. Participants with higher mean levels of total and SelS had significantly higher scores in all DASS dimensions and lower SPPH; participants with higher SocS also scored higher in DASS, but didn’t reveal lower SPPH. Isolation was a significant predictor of SocS (R2=2.8%;p<.05); isolation and narcissistic perfectionism were significant predictors of SelS (R2=11%;p<.01).

    Conclusions

    Our results highlight the importance of including MHS as a main need in the curricula of future doctors.

    Disclosure

    No significant relationships.

  • 10 - The Intersection of Mental Health Stigma and Marginalized Identities

  • from Part III - Stigma and Mental Health in Specific Contexts
  • Edited by David L. Vogel, Iowa State University, Nathaniel G. Wade, Iowa State University
  • Book:
    The Cambridge Handbook of Stigma and Mental Health
    Published online:
    28 July 2022
    Print publication:
    11 August 2022, pp 187-221

  • Summary

    Individuals with mental illness can experience stigma and discrimination, which can cause adverse consequences (Zerger et al., 2014). Mental illness stigma and discrimination can also intersect with other marginalized social identities that individuals may possess, resulting in unique outcomes for individuals. Unfortunately, the research in this area is somewhat limited, often assumes an additive effect, and does not always consider less visible or more invisible marginalized identities (Turan et al., 2019; Williamson et al., 2017). The additive effect does not take into account the individual’s particular social context, such as elements of privilege, disadvantage, resiliency, which can impact the individual’s experiences (Mizock & Russinova, 2015). There is a need to better capture the experiences of people who face multiple stigmas, which could also help develop more effective mental health interventions (Oexle et al., 2018). This chapter will synthesize the literature in this area on mental illness stigma among various intersecting stigmatized groups, provide a critique of the current literature, and present implications for future treatment and research.

  • 1 - Introduction to the Handbook of Stigma and Mental Health

  • Edited by David L. Vogel, Iowa State University, Nathaniel G. Wade, Iowa State University
  • Book:
    The Cambridge Handbook of Stigma and Mental Health
    Published online:
    28 July 2022
    Print publication:
    11 August 2022, pp 1-8

  • Summary

    Stigma can maintain discrimination and oppression and reduce compassion and understanding. In the area of mental illness and psychological help seeking, stigma acts as a considerable barrier to recovery and adds additional burdens to be managed. This reality has led many different research groups to explore the workings of stigma and ways to intervene to help people who suffer from the stigma associated with mental health problems. We wanted to create a state-of-the-science source for the best research being done in this area and so we organized the Handbook of Stigma and Mental Health. This chapter provides an overview to the Handbook and the excellent research that is reviewed in it. In their chapters, the authors of the Handbook answer four important questions: “What are the forms of mental health stigma?”; “What are impacts of mental health stigma?”; “How can we develop interventions to reduce mental health stigma across contexts?”; “How can we understand the specific ways that mental health stigma impacts different groups (e.g., racial minorities, veterans)?” We hope that asking these questions will stimulate and drive more innovative research in the future.

  • 23 - What Is Left to Be Done

  • from Part IV - Reducing Stigma to Promote Mental Health
  • Edited by David L. Vogel, Iowa State University, Nathaniel G. Wade, Iowa State University
  • Book:
    The Cambridge Handbook of Stigma and Mental Health
    Published online:
    28 July 2022
    Print publication:
    11 August 2022, pp 466-472

  • Summary

    Stigma is a powerful force that is not easily dismantled. The goal of the Handbook of Stigma and Mental Health is to assist with policy changes, interventions, and movement toward social justice by presenting the breadth and depth of the work on mental health stigma. The authors of the Handbook have provided a deep and more complete picture of what stigma is, how it might develop, and how it might be changed. The authors also have provided a clear picture that stigma cannot be understood in isolation, but rather intersectional and contextual approaches are best. Through the work reviewed by the authors of the Handbook, it is clear that research is still needed to expand on what situations and under what conditions stigmas could be minimized, reduced, buffered, or eliminated. Also, work needs to be done to create culturally affirming approaches to stigma reduction. We believe the work presented in the Handbook provides optimism about the changes that have been made and the progress in our knowledge and interventions. It also provides insights into developing unique perspectives on the field, challenging some of our well-worn ideas, and pushing the limits of our knowledge.

  • Does the crisis intervention team (CIT) training improve police officers’ knowledge, attitude, and mental health stigma?

  • N. Veluri, Z. Mansuri
  • Journal:
    European Psychiatry / Volume 64 / Issue S1 / April 2021
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    13 August 2021, pp. S466-S467
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  • Introduction

    The Crisis Intervention Team (CIT) training was developed to educate police officers regarding the complexity of mental health (MHI) issues, and better prepare them for crisis encounters with persons with mental illness (PwMI).

    Objectives

    To determine if CIT training improves police officers’ knowledge, attitude, and stigma about mental health issues.

    Methods

    A systematic review followed the PRISMA protocol and was conducted on the PubMed database (Figure 1). Search strings were “crisis intervention team training,” “crisis intervention team,” “CIT,” “effectiveness,” and “police.” Inclusion eligibility required primary studies using surveys that measured the CIT training outcomes (i.e., knowledge, attitude, and stigma). Literature/narrative reviews or opinions were excluded.

    Results

    The comprehensive meta-analysis software version 3.0 was utilized during analysis. Randomized odds ratios using a 95% confidence interval (CI) were obtained. Officers’ scores for knowledge, attitude, and stigma about MHI were taken before and after the survey. The Control group consisted of officers without CIT training. The CIT trained officers displayed an improvement in knowledge (OR 2.35, CI: 1.51– 3.67), attitude (OR 2.55, CI: 1.36–4.78), and stigma (OR 3.11, CI: 1.88–5.17). The results were statistically significant, with a p-value of less than 0.001 (Figure 2).

    Conclusions

    CIT trained police officers displayed a significant improvement in their knowledge, attitude, and reduced stigma towards PwMI. Although our study displays CIT training’s positive effects, previous studies reported a nullified effect of CIT in reducing arrests and the use of force during police officers encounters with PwMI. Future researchers must explore this gap, mainly focusing on gender and race bias.

  • Mental health and help seeking behaviour in first year medical students

  • V. Rutkauskas, J. Akavickas, A. Matuzaite, S. Lesinskiene
  • Journal:
    European Psychiatry / Volume 64 / Issue S1 / April 2021
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    13 August 2021, pp. S760-S761
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  • Introduction

    Mental health challenges are common among medical students. Data shows that that they are less likely to use mental health services, regardless of experiencing frequent mental health issues.

    Objectives

    The aim of our study was to evaluate first year medical students’ mental health state and attitude to seeking help.

    Methods

    The target group was the first year medical students in Vilnius University. Anonymous questionnaire created by authors was used to evaluate socio-demographic data, self-perceived emotional state level, attitudes and accessibility to mental health services. The study involved 152 first year medical students: 97 of them were local and 55 international students.

    Results

    The majority of students (71.7%) reported that their studies negatively impacted their emotional condition. 14.5% of all students thought that they needed a consultation by mental health specialist, but decided not to seek help. 11.2% of students reported having used psychotropic drugs which had not been officially prescribed by a psychiatrist. 18.4% of all students thought that seeing a mental health specialist could negatively affect their future career as a doctor. 30.9% of students reported that they had used alcohol to improve their emotional state, 11.2% of students had used cannabis, 4.6% of students had used other drugs (e.g. LSD, amphetamine, cocaine) for this purpose.

    Conclusions

    1. Majority first year medical students think that the begining of studies have negative impact on their emotional well-being. 2. A large number of medical students unwilling to see mental health specialist. 3. Significant number of students use psychoactive substances to improve their emotional state.

    Disclosure

    No significant relationships.

  • Integrated primary care: patient perceptions and the role of mental health stigma

  • Part of
  • Lisa R. Miller-Matero, Shehryar Khan, Rachel Thiem, Tiffany DeHondt, Hala Dubaybo, Daniel Moore
  • Journal:
    Primary Health Care Research & Development / Volume 20 / 2019
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    19 June 2018, e48
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  • Some patients are more willing to see a behavioral health provider within primary care. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the patients’ perspectives of having access to a psychologist within primary care and to investigate whether mental health stigma affected preferences. In total, 36 patients completed questionnaires after seeing a psychologist in primary care. Patients were satisfied with having a primary care psychologist involved in their care. Most patients were more likely to see the psychologist in primary care and those who preferred this indicated higher levels of mental health stigma. The overarching theme for why patients saw a psychologist in primary care was convenience. Mental health stigma may also have played a role. Results suggest that providing integrated services may reach patients who may not have otherwise sought services in a behavioral health clinic. Findings from this study encourage the continued integration of behavioral health services.