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1 results

  • 21 - Emotional Disturbance versus Social Maladjustment

  • from Part IV - Behavioral and Social-Emotional Interventions
  • Edited by Frank C. Worrell, University of California, Berkeley, Tammy L. Hughes, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Dante D. Dixson, Michigan State University
  • Book:
    The Cambridge Handbook of Applied School Psychology
    Published online:
    18 September 2020
    Print publication:
    17 September 2020, pp 353-368

  • Summary

    Labeling a student as socially maladjusted has been a source of controversy since 1975. The controversy persists because, to date, there is no accepted definition of the term “social maladjustment”, and no guidance provided by IDEA on what school teams should consider when using the exclusion for determining if a child is eligible for special education under the category of an emotional disturbance. When school teams determine a child is socially maladjusted, this classification is often used to exclude children demonstrating objectionable behaviors (i.e., delinquent, disruptive, and impulsive actions) from special education services and protections. Without tailored school interventions, students are disproportionately exposed to disciplinary actions, and other mental health services (e.g., MTSS) become secondary, if they are offered at all. Assessment strategies that identify the underlying causes of aggressive behaviors in children can inform school teams on how to provide therapeutic environments, approaches to discipline and accountability, and differential skill development.