This chapter establishes a basic vocabulary in measuring outcomes as the first step in getting started to measure. It then outlines the steps in getting started: 1. identifying the cohort or segment; 2) gathering baseline data (retrospectively and prospectively); and 3. identifying the outcomes that matter most to people. It also addresses where to start based on if you are a clinician or health care administrator either from a provider organization or payer organization.A table is included that describes the different types of data and data sources that can be used for baseline data gathering as well as the advantages and disadvantages of each.

The proportion of the world population in the birth-through-childhood group is large and while it will decrease proportionately in the future, it will continue to be a dominant group in the world’s population. The birth years for the Alpha Generation commenced in 2010. The values and beliefs of the emerging generation are being shaped and defined, with contemporary world and local events impacting on this generation in ways never before experienced. There are many agencies globally and in Australia that provide updates of indicators related to children’s health, development and wellbeing. What these data indicate is a wide range of variability in the health, development and wellbeing of young Australians aged 0–14 years – and a lack of comprehensive knowledge in some core areas where we might expect to have a clear understanding of our practices, especially with regard to the proportion of children attending early childhood education programs. The variability is geographic and between some population groups.

This chapter provides an overview of what currently constitutes the state of the art in scholarship and practice concerning power sharing, democracy, and democratization. We begin by identifying four distinct types of power-sharing measures – political, military, territorial, and economic – that have been adopted by civil war rivals in an effort to peacefully resolve conflict. We compare our understanding of power sharing to that of other scholars and describe patterns in the use of power-sharing institutions at the conclusion of civil wars. We then turn our attention to the outcomes of central interest to this volume: post-civil war democracy and democratization. After defining and providing a rationale for our choice to focus on the transition to minimalist democracy following the end of civil war, we consider alternative means of conceptualizing and measuring democracy, discussing their relevance and limitations as applied to the post-conflict context. We conclude by critically assessing the international community’s democracy promotion efforts.