This chapter discusses the epidemiology of injury outcome, and reviews the most widely used measures of disability and health-related quality of life (HRQOL). It focuses on a selected review of consumer reported measures of disability and HRQOL that are relevant to the study of injury outcomes. The emphasis on these measures as opposed to those of impairment or functional limitations reflects the growing recognition that the consumer's perspective of his or her health and well-being is central to the development and evaluation of cost-effective programs and policy. HRQOL measures are generally characterized as either psychometric measures or health status profiles, or preference based or utility measures. It should be noted that the functional capacity index (FCI) was developed specifically for measuring outcomes post-injury; its scope, however, is limited to physical and cognitive functioning. Population norms provide some benchmarks against which to compare post-injury outcomes.