Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
  1. Home
  2. Search

Refine search

Refine search

Access:
Content type:
Publication date:
Apply   From and To filters
Subject: Show more
Journals Show more
Publishers: Show more
Societies Show more
Series: Show more
Collections: Show more

Actions for selected content:

Select all | Deselect all
  • View selected items
  • Export citations
  • Download PDF (zip)
  • Save to Kindle
  • Save to Dropbox
  • Save to Google Drive

Save Search

You can save your searches here and later view and run them again in "My saved searches".

Please provide a title, maximum of 40 characters.
Cancel
×

6 results

  • The effects of life experiences and polygenic risk for depression on the development of positive and negative cognitive biases across adolescence: The CogBIAS hypothesis

  • Orestis Zavlis, Sam Parsons, Elaine Fox, Charlotte Booth, Annabel Songco, John Paul Vincent
  • Journal:
    Development and Psychopathology , First View
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    22 January 2024, pp. 1-10
    • Article
      • You have access
      • Open access
    • PDF
    • HTML
    • Export citation

  • The Cognitive Bias (CogBIAS) hypothesis proposes that cognitive biases develop as a function of environmental influences (which determine the valence of biases) and the genetic susceptibility to those influences (which determines the potency of biases). The current study employed a longitudinal, polygenic-by-environment approach to examine the CogBIAS hypothesis. To this end, measures of life experiences and polygenic scores for depression were used to assess the development of memory and interpretation biases in a three-wave sample of adolescents (12–16 years) (N = 337). Using mixed effects modeling, three patterns were revealed. First, positive life experiences (PLEs) were found to diminish negative and enhance positive forms of memory and social interpretation biases. Second, and against expectation, negative life experiences and depression polygenic scores were not associated with any cognitive outcomes, upon adjusting for psychopathology. Finally, and most importantly, the interaction between high polygenic risk and greater PLEs was associated with a stronger positive interpretation bias for social situations. These results provide the first line of polygenic evidence in support of the CogBIAS hypothesis, but also extend this hypothesis by highlighting positive genetic and nuanced environmental influences on the development of cognitive biases across adolescence.

  • The Proximity of Disaster Experiences and Financial Preparedness for Emergencies in the US

  • Guanggang Feng, Zhen Cong
  • Journal:
    Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness / Volume 17 / 2023
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    13 December 2022, e257
    • Article
      • You have access
    • PDF
    • HTML
    • Export citation
  • Objective:

    This study investigated how the proximity of disaster experience was associated with financial preparedness for emergencies.

    Methods:

    The data used were from the 2018 National Household Survey, which was administered by the Federal Emergency Management Agency. The working sample included 4779 respondents.

    Results:

    Logistic Regression showed that the likelihood of setting aside emergency funds tended to be the highest between 2-5 years after experiencing a disaster, which declined slightly but persisted even after 16 years. Recent disaster experience within 1 year did not show a significant impact, indicating a period of substantial needs. However, the proximity of disaster experience did not significantly affect the amount of money set aside.

    Conclusion:

    It is suspected that increased risk perception related to previous experiences of disasters is more relevant to the likelihood of preparing financially; whereas other capacity-related factors such as income and having a disability have more effect on the amount of money set aside.

  • Adult Day Program Directors’ Experiences Managing the COVID-19 Pandemic

  • Deanna Vervaecke, Rumia B. Owaisi, Brad A. Meisner
  • Journal:
    Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue canadienne du vieillissement / Volume 40 / Issue 4 / December 2021
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    22 October 2021, pp. 639-650
    • Article
      • You have access
    • PDF
    • HTML
    • Export citation

  • Adult day programs (ADPs) provide community-based supervised recreational services to older adults living with chronic conditions and their caregivers. Most ADPs continued operating during the pandemic, tasking directors with the responsibility of managing the complexities of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. This study explored how ADP directors managed and experienced the COVID-19 pandemic. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 18 ADP directors from a large health care region in Ontario. Thematic analysis resulted in four themes that detailed how participants: 1) responded to the pandemic with adapted services; 2) navigated the pandemic responses within systems and organizations, and with each other, clients, and caregivers; 3) felt personally during the pandemic; and 4) gained new insights on their clients and the importance of ADPs in the health care system due to the pandemic. Findings highlight pre-existing and emerging gaps and opportunities within ADP service provision for clients and caregivers, as well as service providers and directors.

  • 4 - An Origin Story

  • Cigdem V. Sirin, University of Texas, El Paso, Nicholas A. Valentino, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, José D. Villalobos, University of Texas, El Paso
  • Book:
    Seeing Us in Them
    Published online:
    11 March 2021
    Print publication:
    18 March 2021, pp 67-86

  • Summary

    Chapter 4 explores the origins of group empathy. We investigate the association of group empathy with key socio-demographic factors and the ensuing life experiences. Specifically, we find that minorities, females, the educated, and older generations display higher levels of group empathy. The life experiences that spring from these socio-demographic contexts – particularly, exposure to discrimination, the quality and quantity of contact with other groups, and perceptions of intergroup economic competition – also predict group empathy and help explain socio-demographic differences on group empathy levels. The chapter also empirically tests predictions about the link between ingroup identification and outgroup empathy among whites, blacks, and Latinos. Social Identity Theory would predict ingroup attachment to be negatively linked to outgroup empathy across all groups. However, Group Empathy Theory predicts outgroup empathy should be positively linked with ingroup identity among nonwhites. This is exactly what we find. This finding challenges one of the basic assumptions of SIT given that the underlying mechanism of ingroup–outgroup bias is different for whites than it is for minorities.

  • Food insecurity, childhood hunger and caregiver life experiences among households with children in South Carolina, USA

  • Erin R Drucker, Angela D Liese, Erica Sercy, Bethany A Bell, Carrie Draper, Nancy L Fleischer, Kate Flory, Sonya J Jones
  • Journal:
    Public Health Nutrition / Volume 22 / Issue 14 / October 2019
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    17 May 2019, pp. 2581-2590
    • Article
      • You have access
    • PDF
    • HTML
    • Export citation
  • Objective:

    We explored how positive and negative life experiences of caregivers are associated with household food insecurity.

    Design:

    The Midlands Family Study (MFS) was a cross-sectional study with three levels of household food security: food secure, food insecure without child hunger and food insecure with child hunger. Ordinal logistic regression analysis was used for analyses of negative and positive life experiences (number, impact, type) associated with food insecurity.

    Setting:

    An eight-county region in South Carolina, USA, in 2012–2013.

    Participants:

    Caregivers (n 511) in households with children.

    Results:

    Caregivers who reported greater numbers of negative life experiences and greater perceived impact had increased odds of household food insecurity and reporting their children experienced hunger. Each additional negative life experience count of the caregiver was associated with a 16 % greater odds of food insecurity without child hunger and a 28 % greater odds of child hunger. Each one-unit increase in the negative impact score (e.g. a worsening) was associated with 8 % higher odds of food insecurity without child hunger and 12 % higher odds of child hunger. Negative work experiences or financial instability had the strongest association (OR = 1·8; 95 % CI 1·5, 2·2) with child hunger. Positive life experiences were generally not associated with food security status, with one exception: for each unit increase in the number of positive experiences involving family and other relationships, the odds of child hunger decreased by 22 %.

    Conclusions:

    More research is needed to understand approaches to build resilience against negative life experiences and strengthen positive familial, community and social relationships.

  • The experiences, coping mechanisms, and impact of death and dying on palliative medicine specialists

  • Sofia C. Zambrano, Anna Chur-Hansen, Gregory B. Crawford
  • Journal:
    Palliative & Supportive Care / Volume 12 / Issue 4 / August 2014
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    11 June 2013, pp. 309-316
  • Objectives:

    Research on the experiences, coping mechanisms, and impact of death and dying on the lives of palliative medicine specialists is limited. Most research focuses on the multidisciplinary team or on nurses who work with the dying. Fewer studies consider medical professionals trained in palliative medicine. This study aimed to explore the experiences, coping mechanisms, and impact of death and dying on palliative medicine specialists when dealing with their patients at the end of life.

    Methods:

    A qualitative research approach guided the study, one-on-one interview data were analyzed thematically. A purposeful sampling technique was employed for participant recruitment. Seven palliative medicine specialists practicing in one city participated in open-ended, in-depth interviews.

    Results:

    The analysis of participants' accounts identified three distinct themes. These were Being with the dying, Being affected by death, and dying and Adjusting to the impact of death and dying.

    Significance of results:

    This study further contributes to the understanding of the impact of death and dying on professionals who care for dying patients and their families. Despite the stressors and the potential for burnout and compassion fatigue, these participants employed strategies that enhanced meaning-making and emphasized the rewards of their work. However, the consequences of work stressors cannot be underestimated in the practice of palliative care.