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  • 8 - Sparta and Metal Music’s Reception of Ancient History

  • from Part II - Metal and History
  • Edited by Jan-Peter Herbst, University of Huddersfield
  • Book:
    The Cambridge Companion to Metal Music
    Published online:
    31 August 2023
    Print publication:
    14 September 2023, pp 99-113

  • Summary

    This chapter focuses on ancient Sparta as a representative case for the general reception of classical antiquity in heavy metal music. The Spartans are the basis of songs and albums by dozens of bands across the globe: their last stand at Thermopylae is the most popular ancient battle in metal music, and their king Leonidas is one of the most popular ancient figures. Their appropriation by metal bands is a product of their rise in popularity in popular culture since the premiere of the 2006 film 300, and as in pop-culture, their appeal resonates with political and nationalistic agendas, especially of Greek bands. Sparta’s wide appeal harmonises with metal’s core ethos of hypermasculinity, the liberation of animal instincts and the disruption of systems of conformity and control. As with other topics from the classical world, heavy metal music takes the Spartans from both ancient sources and modern media and remakes them in the image of its own counterculture, that of the few standing defiant against the many.