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intra-abdominal hypertension

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3.5.5 - Intra-abdominal Hypertension and Abdominal Compartment Syndrome
from Section 3.5 - Acute Gastrointestinal Failure
- By Dominic Moor, Katie Wimble, Ravi Kumar
Edited by Ned Gilbert-Kawai, The Royal Liverpool Hospital, Debashish Dutta, Princess Alexandra Hospital NHS Trust, Harlow, Carl Waldmann, Royal Berkshire Hospital, Reading
Book:

Intensive Care Medicine

Published online:

27 July 2023

Print publication:

01 December 2021, pp 216-217
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Summary

Key Learning Points
1. Although intra-abdominal hypertension and abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) form part of a scale in clinical practice, they are different entities as the former may be chronic, but the latter involves acute organ failure.
2. The prevalence of ACS in the intensive care unit has been reported as 8.2 per cent, with a higher prevalence in medical patients (10.5 per cent), compared to the surgical cohort (5 per cent).
3. Palpation of the abdomen is highly unreliable as a method of detection.
4. A standardised measurement protocol is important to avoid significant inter-individual variability.
5. Management of these syndromes should be protocol-based and multi-modal.