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2 results

  • 3.7.3 - HIV and AIDS

  • from Section 3.7 - Infection and Immunity
  • Edited by Ned Gilbert-Kawai, The Royal Liverpool Hospital, Debashish Dutta, Princess Alexandra Hospital NHS Trust, Harlow, Carl Waldmann, Royal Berkshire Hospital, Reading
  • Book:
    Intensive Care Medicine
    Published online:
    27 July 2023
    Print publication:
    01 December 2021, pp 251-253

  • Summary

    Key Learning Points

    1. 1. There are four stages of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection: primary HIV infection with a CD4 count of >500, chronic asymptomatic infection with a CD4 count of >350, symptomatic infections with a CD4 count of <350 and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) accompanied by a CD4 count of <200.

    2. 2. CD4 T-helper cell lymphocytes are responsible for both adaptive and cell-based immunity, and are active against both infectious disease and neoplasms.

    3. 3. There are 27 AIDS-defining clinical conditions specified by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

    4. 4. Recent evidence suggests improved outcomes for intensive care patients treated with highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART).

    5. 5. Intensive care patients not already treated with HAART, with a low CD4 count and an opportunistic infection, are at high risk of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome.