Infection occurring in pregnancy can result in significant morbidity and mortality for both mother and child. This chapter talks about prophylaxis, screening, chorioamnionitis, Group B streptococcal infection, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and genital herpes. It explains the implications of these infections on pregnancy and their postpartum management. Depending on the type of infection, there is an increased incidence of preterm delivery, intrauterine growth restriction, intrauterine and infant death and mother-to-child transmission of infection. Women undergoing repair of a third or fourth degree tear require intra-operative and post-operative antibiotic therapy to prevent infection which increases wound breakdown and the incidence of fistula formation. Group B streptococcal infection is the most frequent cause of severe sepsis in the first week of life. Treatment of women with high viral load of HIV usually consists of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) to stabilize symptoms and reduce viraemia.