Hundreds of structural brain imaging studies have demonstrated that there is a neuroanatomy of schizophrenia. This chapter reviews evidences, for premorbid abnormalities in patients with schizophrenia and related populations. Computed tomography (CT) demonstrated ventricular enlargement and a generalized loss of brain tissue, which may have conflated separate disease processes. Magnetic resonance imaging, which now requires a structural prefix (sMRI), has replicated these findings and convincingly shown additional volume deficits in the prefrontal and temporal lobes, as well as further decrements in the medial and superior temporal lobe. The Edinburgh High Risk Study examines subjects with two close relatives with schizophrenia. Researchers in the Melbourne High Risk Study have adopted a different but complementary approach. Evidence shows that obstetric complications (OCs) are related to small hippocampi in schizophrenia, possibly through gene-environment interaction. Evidence related to the hypothermic treatment of hypoxic brains is proved in reducing adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes.