Brazil accounts for half of South America’s territory and population. Given this large scale and its federal structure, the country can be described as highly heterogeneous. In this context, universities have a crucial role in social change and mobility. Research is closely linked to university life. This chapter provides an overview of undergraduate research in Brazil and its impact on individuals, universities, and society. First, we present an historical outline of the development of the national education and higher education system. Second, we describe administrative issues and cultural impact. Third, we show examples of best practice, selecting specific disciplines and aspects. Finally, we summarize the main themes and provide an outlook on expected further developments concerning undergraduate research in Brazil.

The chapter provides an overview of the Austrian higher education system and its legal, cultural, and administrative frameworks for Austrian universities, particularly regarding research-based education. Four short case studies give insights into specific approaches showing how undergraduate research is promoted and supported. In the conclusion further national developments for the promotion of undergraduate research are discussed.

This concluding chapter outlines the implications of the shifting scientific landscape in Asia for future generations of Asian scientists. The chapter reviews the theoretical implications of the key findings from the book, and revisits the new concepts and ideas introduced throughout the book, which have relevance for the fields of migration studies, science & technology studies and also gender studies. The chapter highlights what is yet to be studied on this topic, and lays out a future research agenda for scholars from these fields. Finally, the chapter highlights the policy implications of these developments for Asian and non-Asian countries, and ends with a set of policy recommendations for government officials and research leaders in these countries as they seek to make themselves attractive destinations for native (and nonnative) research scientists and raise their relative profile in the global scientific field.