Teneral nulliparous tsetse Glossina pallidipes were infected with virus-like particles by two pathways: haemocoelic microinjection, and oral feeding with a micropipette. Samples of tsetse were dissected every 3 days; and at 22 days post-infection, cumulative per cent infection was 44.4 and 31.3% for microinjection and per os infection, respectively. Natural virus-like particle infection in the population was 3.6%. Thus the infectious nature of virus-like particles was established, together with two possible pathways of infection.
