Psychology, which has branched out of philosophy and has deep roots in biology, is experiencing a sea change in behavioral analysis that is backed by our new understanding of the multifactorial influences of genes and their interaction with the environment, through the agency of genomewide association studies (GWAS) and emerging neurotechnologies. Two specific demands and challenges relating to this development in the human rights domain are first, to reconceptualize the principles of existing human rights frameworks in light of developments in genomics and neuroscience and second, to create new human rights standards given the novel prescriptions highlighted by contemporary scientific investigations. Advances in genomics and neuroscience compel psychologists to redefine their role in protecting the human rights of patients through their ethical codes as well as human rights norms while addressing new challenges. Against this backdrop, this chapter is an attempt to explain underlying transformations in the field of human genomics and neuroscience and analyze their impact on psychology and human rights. Specifically, it covers the changing paradigm of psychology, implications of human genomics for psychology, the interface of psychology and human rights, and the impact of genomics and neurosciences on this interface.