Non-infectious benign vaginal conditions are a small fraction of genital conditions causing pruritus, irritation, dyspareunia, vaginal discharge, malodour and burning. In an attempt to differentiate between the various aetiologies – infectious (Candidiasis, Trichomonas, group A Streptococcus, bacterial vaginosis), hormone-related (vaginal atrophy), immune mediated (desquamative inflammatory vaginitis, erosive lichen planus), miscellaneous (contact dermatitis, trauma) – one needs to understand the delicate equilibrium between vaginal epithelium, microbiota and reproductive hormones, and learn to use the wet mount (microscopy) and pH as basic tools for conducting a thorough evaluation of vaginal secretions. Differentiating between a normal to an abnormal discharge is crucial and is a basic clinical skill needed in primary gynaecological clinics. A flow chart combining pH and wet mount will be presented in order to diagnose causation of vaginal discomfort. Two non-infectious benign vaginal conditions will be presented in detail; vaginal atrophy (genitourinary syndrome of the menopause) and desquamative inflammatory vaginitis.