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By
Anthony B. Ward, Consultant in Rehabilitation Medicine North Staffordshire Rehabilitation Centre, University Hospital of North Staffordshire, Stoke-on-Trent, UK,
Sajida Javaid, Specialist Registrar in Rehabilitation Medicine North Staffordshire Rehabilitation Centre, University Hospital of North Staffordshire, Stoke-on-Trent, UK
The management of spasticity requires a multi-professional approach based on addressing the troublesome effects of the increased tone. This chapter discusses the oral agents and their place in overall management strategies. Oral antispastic agents are usually indicated in patients with diffuse or regional muscle spasticity rather than localized muscle spasticity. Despite the large number of drugs that have been reported to influence muscle tone, very few have been found useful in clinical practice. The commonly used antispastic drugs are baclofen, benzodiazepine, dantrolene sodium and tizanidine. The drugs can be used alone as monotherapy or in combination to reduce the spasticity effectively. Cannabis has been widely discussed, but there is no evidence that it has a sustained effect as an antispastic drug (CAMS Study), where as baclofen is a structural analogue of gamma amino butyric acid (GABA), which is one of the main inhibitory neurotransmitters in the central nervous system.
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