A problem in all tests on fetal DNA derived from maternal plasma arises from the large quantity of maternal DNA present in the DNA preparation, complicating the inclusion of satisfactory internal controls to test for successful amplification of the fetal DNA. As increasing number of laboratories internationally are introducing non-invasive fetal blood group testing, it is important that their performances are monitored through external quality assurance schemes. Fetal RHD screening provides a way of significantly reducing the quantity of blood products given routinely to pregnant women. To date, the enormous promise of the application of free fetal DNA in maternal plasma to prenatal diagnostics has only been realised in fetal blood grouping and fetal sexing. Fetal blood grouping often plays an important role in avoidance of unnecessary procedures and is the standard of care in England for pregnant women with significant level of anti-D immunoglobulin.