This chapter reviews disaster legal issues primarily from the perspective of a person or institution, who collectively provide medical care to patients in the midst of catastrophic disaster or other public health emergency. It summarizes the key changes in the legal environment under which disaster medicine is practiced. Most medical providers use well-developed procedures to assure that any exchange of patient information complies with law. In the U.S., states regulate the practice of medicine. Thus, providers must be licensed in the state in which they are providing medical care. Medicare in the U.S. also promulgates federal hospital emergency management plan accreditation requirements. The U.S. Emergency Medical Treatment and Labor Act (EMTALA) requires Medicare participating hospitals to provide any individual presenting for care on hospital grounds with medical screening, stabilizing services, and appropriate transfer to a higher level of care if indicated.