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Chapter 1 introduces the main questions to be tackled in the book, tracing a crime case from the discovery of a body to the verdict of a court. How do we generate initial hypotheses from sparse information? How do we develop our hypotheses as we gather new evidence? How do we make sense of a large body of conflicting evidence to reach a final decision? The crime case highlights the challenges we face: to explain what actually happened – the web of cause and effects that led to the death – but also to evaluate the evidence, assessing the many reports, claims and counterclaims. I argue that our minds are better prepared for explaining than evaluating.

How do we make sense of complex evidence? What are the cognitive principles that allow detectives to solve crimes, and lay people to puzzle out everyday problems? To address these questions, David Lagnado presents a novel perspective on human reasoning. At heart, we are causal thinkers driven to explain the myriad ways in which people behave and interact. We build mental models of the world, enabling us to infer patterns of cause and effect, linking words to deeds, actions to effects, and crimes to evidence. But building models is not enough; we need to evaluate these models against evidence, and we often struggle with this task. We have a knack for explaining, but less skill at evaluating. Fortunately, we can improve our reasoning by reflecting on inferential practices and using formal tools. This book presents a system of rational inference that helps us evaluate our models and make sounder judgments.

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Chapter 1 - The Cliff Death

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Explaining the Evidence

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2 results

Chapter 1 - The Cliff Death

Summary

Explaining the Evidence