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2 results

Boundaries of Belonging
  • Localities, Citizenship and Rights in India and Pakistan
  • Sarah Ansari, William Gould
  • Published online:
    17 October 2019
    Print publication:
    17 October 2019
  • The 1947 Partition had a major impact on issues of citizenship and rights in India and Pakistan in the decades that followed. Boundaries of Belonging shows how citizenship evolves at a time of political transition and what this meant for ordinary people, by directing attention away from South Asia's Partition 'hotspots' - Bengal and Punjab - to Partition's 'hinterlands' of Uttar Pradesh and Sindh. The analysis, based on rich archival research and fieldwork, brings out commonalities, differences, and the mutual co-construction of the 'citizen' in both places. It also reveals the way in which developments across the border, such as communal violence, could directly impact on minority rights in its neighbour. Questioning stereotypes of an increasingly 'authoritarian' Pakistan and 'democratic' India, Sarah Ansari and William Gould make a major contribution to recent scholarship that suggests the differences between India and Pakistan are overstated.

  • 2 - People on the Move

  • Sarah Ansari, Royal Holloway, University of London, William Gould, University of Leeds
  • Book:
    Boundaries of Belonging
    Published online:
    17 October 2019
    Print publication:
    17 October 2019, pp 67-102

  • Summary

    Chapter 2 explores how in 1940s and 1950s South Asia thinking about Indian or Pakistani identity as a mirror of the ‘other’ country affected broader understandings of citizenship and belonging. It highlights the extent to which everyday public opinion could be conditioned by localized reactions to people arriving from other places or others leaving their families and goods behind, particularly in relation to UP and Sindh. The creation of two independent countries meant that the movement, displacement and rehabilitation of migrants became an integral part of the wider process of formal citizenship definition, as did the status of minority communities who did not leave. The chapter therefore also considers how far the physical movement bound up in the creating of two separate states at Independence shaped quotidian meanings of ‘citizenship’ as people competed for space and resources.