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1 results

  • High-Resolution Episcopic Microscopy (HREM): A Tool for Visualizing Skin Biopsies

  • Stefan H. Geyer, Maria M. Nöhammer, Markus Mathä, Lukas Reissig, Ines E. Tinhofer, Wolfgang J. Weninger
  • Journal:
    Microscopy and Microanalysis / Volume 20 / Issue 5 / October 2014
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    08 September 2014, pp. 1356-1364
    Print publication:
    October 2014

  • We evaluate the usefulness of digital volume data produced with the high-resolution episcopic microscopy (HREM) method for visualizing the three-dimensional (3D) arrangement of components of human skin, and present protocols designed for processing skin biopsies for HREM data generation. A total of 328 biopsies collected from normally appearing skin and from a melanocytic nevus were processed. Cuboidal data volumes with side lengths of ~2×3×6 mm3 and voxel sizes of 1.07×1.07×1.5 µm3 were produced. HREM data fit ideally for visualizing the epidermis at large, and for producing highly detailed volume and surface-rendered 3D representations of the dermal and hypodermal components at a structural level. The architecture of the collagen fiber bundles and the spatial distribution of nevus cells can be easily visualized with volume-rendering algorithms. We conclude that HREM has great potential to serve as a routine tool for researching and diagnosing skin pathologies.