Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
  1. Home
  2. Search

Refine search

Refine search

Access:
Content type:
Publication date:
Apply   From and To filters
Subject: Show more
Journals Show more
Publishers: Show more
Societies Show more
Series: Show more
Collections: Show more

Actions for selected content:

Select all | Deselect all
  • View selected items
  • Export citations
  • Download PDF (zip)
  • Save to Kindle
  • Save to Dropbox
  • Save to Google Drive

Save Search

You can save your searches here and later view and run them again in "My saved searches".

Please provide a title, maximum of 40 characters.
Cancel
×

3 results

  • 10 - Basic Free Fields

  • from Part II - Spin
  • Michel Talagrand
  • Book:
    What Is a Quantum Field Theory?
    Published online:
    22 February 2022
    Print publication:
    17 March 2022, pp 250-296

  • Summary

    We explain why the experimentally established fact of conservation of electrical charges more or less forces the existence of anti-particles. Armed with this essential information we then turn to the study of Lorentz covariant families of quantum fields, of which the massive scalar field of Chapter 5 is the simplest example. These are the building blocks of the standard model, which describes the whole zoo of existing particles. We follow the steps of S. Weinberg to discover that simple linear algebra, combined with a few natural assumptions is all that is required to discover the main fields which are used by Nature (which we list and study), without having to resort to the contortions often seen in the physics literature. We give an example of these contortions by describing the attempts made to relate the Dirac field to classical mechanics.

  • The priming effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on clinical response to electroconvulsive therapy in treatment-resistant depression: a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled study

  • Maud Rothärmel, Pierre Quesada, Thomas Husson, Ghina Harika-Germaneau, Clément Nathou, Julien Guehl, Marine Dalmont, Gaëlle Opolczynski, Iris Miréa-Grivel, Bruno Millet, Emmanuel Gérardin, Vincent Compère, Sonia Dollfus, Nemat Jaafari, Jacques Bénichou, Caroline Thill, Olivier Guillin, Virginie Moulier
  • Journal:
    Psychological Medicine / Volume 53 / Issue 5 / April 2023
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    28 September 2021, pp. 2060-2071
    • Article
      • You have access
    • PDF
    • HTML
    • Export citation
  • Background

    Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is one of the most effective treatments for treatment-resistant depression (TRD). However, due to response delay and cognitive impairment, ECT remains an imperfect treatment. Compared to ECT, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is less effective at treating severe depression, but has the advantage of being quick, easy to use, and producing almost no side effects. In this study, our objective was to assess the priming effect of rTMS sessions before ECT on clinical response in patients with TRD.

    Methods

    In this multicenter, randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled trial, 56 patients with TRD were assigned to active or sham rTMS before ECT treatment. Five sessions of active/sham neuronavigated rTMS were administered over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (20 Hz, 90% resting motor threshold, 20 2 s trains with 60-s intervals, 800 pulses/session) before ECT (which was active for all patients) started. Any relative improvements were then compared between both groups after five ECT sessions, in order to assess the early response to treatment.

    Results

    After ECT, the active rTMS group exhibited a significantly greater relative improvement than the sham group [43.4% (28.6%) v. 25.4% (17.2%)]. The responder rate in the active group was at least three times higher. Cognitive complaints, which were assessed using the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire, were higher in the sham rTMS group compared to the active rTMS group, but this difference was not corroborated by cognitive tests.

    Conclusions

    rTMS could be used to enhance the efficacy of ECT in patients with TRD. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02830399.

  • Chapter 9 - Assessing patient outcome and troubleshooting deep brain stimulation

  • Edited by William J. Marks, Jr, University of California, San Francisco
  • Book:
    Deep Brain Stimulation Management
    Published online:
    10 November 2010
    Print publication:
    28 October 2010, pp 91-130

  • Summary

    This chapter introduces electrophysiological and electrical principles that underlie deep brain stimulation (DBS), with the purpose of facilitating effective and efficient postoperative programming. In order to comprehensively explore the effects of DBS, the entire set of electrode configurations and stimulation parameters would have to be systematically tested. There is considerable evidence that DBS-related changes in neurotransmitters and neuromodulators are unlikely to fully explain the DBS mechanisms of action. The control of the stimulating current is quite different in constant-current versus constant-voltage devices. The electrical charge generated during the DBS pulse dissipates with distance from the electrode. The stimulation parameters and electrode configurations can be used to control the spatial extent and number of axons excited by the DBS pulse. Excessive stimulation can lead to tissue damage by several mechanisms. In addition, unbalanced charges can create other reactive chemical species that can cause tissue damage.