This chapter deals with how infection control procedures can be used to minimise the spread of viral infections transmitted via the respiratory, gastrointestinal, blood-borne, sexual, vertical and vector-borne routes. It also details infection control strategies in hospitals and in the community via universal precautions, respiratory precautions, enteric precautions and those for highly dangerous pathogens. Post-exposure prophylaxis and management of outbreaks is also discussed along with a list of notifiable infections.

This chapter considers why, in light of globalisation, it is necessary to move beyond the domestic sphere to consider the role of international mechanisms when seeking to achieve the twin goals of enhancing corporate decision-making surrounding fundamental rights and developing the substantive content of corporate obligations. Where existing mechanisms are not silent concerning those obligations, they either tend to read off corporate obligations directly from state obligations or to conflate impacts with violations. Most current structures are ‘soft’ and thus have limited authority to issue guidance. I make proposals for reforms to existing initiatives – including the United Nations Guiding Principles - and for establishing new institutional mechanisms that would be capable of providing relatively authoritative guidance in relation to corporate obligations. The multi-factoral model is proposed as a basis for structuring the reasoning of those mechanisms around and deepening our understanding of those obligations.