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Summary

In this chapter we first define the tropics and subtropics, the environmental backdrop of our book. We then highlight the main biomes found in these areas and present an overview of the availability of huntable animals found in these habitats. Because mammals are the most important hunted group, most of our analyses refer to them. We focus our descriptions of wildlife communities and hunting primarily on African and South American habitats since most publications to date focus on these two continents. We proceed by summarizing the anthropogenic pressures acting on biodiversity worldwide. Data on wild meat in people’s diets in the tropics and subtropics are then described, and we underline how pressures from growing populations in these regions can jeopardize the future of wildlife and ecosystems, and impact the food security of many millions of humans. We end the chapter by introducing the consequences of overhunting on wild animals, which cause defaunation.

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