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5 results

  • 538 - Approach to Understanding the ‘Meaning’ of Behaviors in NCD: Beyond PIECES and GPA. Luthra’s Behavioral Assessment and Intervention Response Paradigm (LuBAIR™ Paradigm). Dr.

  • Atul Sunny Luthra
  • Journal:
    International Psychogeriatrics / Volume 33 / Issue S1 / October 2021
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    01 November 2021, p. 82
    • Article
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  • Background:

    With the incidence, prevalence, and cost of dementia care expected to rise, it has become crucial to develop a practical approach for managing behaviors in dementia. Presently non-pharmacological interventions, both interpersonal and environmental, are the gold standard for managing Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (BPSD). The purpose of the presentation is to reveal the reasons for paucity in developing effective pharmacological treatments for BPSD in moderate to advanced dementia and propose a new theoretical framework for labeling and classifying behaviors in moderate to advanced dementia. The LuBAIR paradigm will be less labor-intensive, more comprehensive, and improve the categorization of behaviors into clinically meaningful categories. It was also found that the LuBAIR Inventory has comparable inter-and intra-rater reliability and Construct and Criteria validity in comparison to BEHAV-AD and Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory (CMAI).

    Methods:

    The literature on BPSD reviewed, focusing on terminology, models of behaviors, and identified deficiencies in both.

    Results:

    Terminology to describe moderate to advanced dementia behaviors lacks consistency, accuracy, and reliability in both research and clinical settings. Standardized scales currently utilized to diagnose clinical conditions also lack validity and reliability in moderate to advanced dementia. Models for understanding the occurrence of behaviors in dementia are dichotomized along the biological versus psychosocial paradigm. The reliability and validity of the LuBAIR Inventory were established in an earlier study and workshops, where it found that the LuBAIR was less labor-intensive, more comprehensive, and offered improved categorization of behaviors into clinically meaningful categories. It was also found that the LuBAIR Inventory has comparable inter-and intra-rater reliability and Construct and Criteria validity in comparison to BEHAV-AD and Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory (CMAI).

    Conclusions:

    Deficiencies in existing terminology, assessment scales, and models are acknowledged. There are twelve newly formed behavioral categories to classify behaviors in moderate to advanced Dementia. These categories were used to develop a new behavioral assessment inventory titled LuBAIR (Luthra’s Behavioral Assessment and Intervention Response). The LuBAIR model will help clinical staff to understand the 'meaning’ of behaviors in persons with Dementia (PwD).

Socializing Children

Socializing Children
  • Joan E. Grusec, Maayan Davidov
  • Published online:
    30 April 2021
    Print publication:
    27 May 2021
  • Complaints are often made that recommendations about how to rear children are contradictory and, therefore, not helpful. In this Element we survey the history of theory and research relevant to childrearing in an attempt to show how apparent differences can be resolved. We suggest that socialization occurs in different domains, with each domain fostering socialization in a different way. Thus there is no all-purpose principle or mechanism of socialization but, rather, different forms of relationship between child and agent that serve a different function, involve different rules for effecting behavior change, and facilitate different outcomes. Using this framework, we survey research relevant to different domains, including the roles played by parents, siblings, and peers in the socialization process. We follow this with a discussion of how culture and biology make their contribution to an understanding of domains of socialization.

  • Sago Pondweed (Potamogeton pectinatus) Tuber Size Influences Its Response to Fluridone Treatment

  • David F. Spencer, Gregory G. Ksander, Linda C. Whiteand
  • Journal:
    Weed Science / Volume 37 / Issue 2 / March 1989
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    12 June 2017, pp. 250-253

  • In greenhouse experiments, sago pondweed plants were grown from three different size classes of tubers and treated with four levels of fluridone. Results indicate that although fluridone significantly reduced mean plant weight, the extent of the reduction in weight depended on the size of tuber from which the plant was grown. Mean plant weight was greater for plants exposed to fluridone (up to 0.5 mg/L) for 7 days, if the plants were initially from larger tubers (51 to 60 or 101 to 200 vs. 11 to 20 mg fresh weight). Mean plant length and the number of ramets/plant were affected in a similar manner. The results underscore the importance of specifying the size of tubers used in growth studies and contribute to understanding of the roles that biological factors play in regulating aquatic plant response to herbicide treatment.

  • 6 - The etiology of antisocial behavior: biopsychosocial risk factors across development

    • By Kayla Pope, University of Manykind Sheppard Pratt 701 West Pratt Street Suite 476 Baltimore, MD 21201 USA, Christopher R. Thomas, Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas 301 University Boulevard Galveston, TX 77555 USA
  • Edited by Carol L. Kessler, Columbia University, New York, Louis James Kraus, Rush University, Chicago
  • Book:
    The Mental Health Needs of Young Offenders
    Published online:
    11 August 2009
    Print publication:
    06 September 2007, pp 122-145

  • Summary

    Understanding criminal behavior as a biological or physiological phenomenon has continued in its ascendancy by advances made in the fields of genetics and neuroscience in understanding behavior. The development of criminal behavior is a biopsychosocial phenomenon, and factors that influence its development derive from multiple sources, ranging from genetic heritability to gang participation. Risk factors associated with the development of criminal behavior are found for each developmental phase, with the most significant risk factors for each developmental period being those that influence the achievement of developmental milestones. Thus, during infancy, factors that interfere with the formation of a secure attachment appear to be most detrimental while during adolescence, risks associated with peer relationships are critical. This chapter explores these biological and environmental risk factors and their effect on behavior across development. Given the individual and societal costs associated with antisocial behavior, the benefits of such an investment seem clear.

  • 10 - Eating disorders in boys

  • from Part III - Abnormal states
    • By Brett McDermott, Mater Child and Youth Mental Health Service, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
  • Edited by Tony Jaffa
  • Brett McDermott, University of Queensland
  • Book:
    Eating Disorders in Children and Adolescents
    Published online:
    02 December 2009
    Print publication:
    14 December 2006, pp 123-132

  • Summary

    This chapter discusses eating disorder psychopathology and the prevalence of eating disorders diagnoses in boys. The key determinants in childhood eating disorders considered include psychological constructs such as body dissatisfaction and its influence on dieting and other weight loss strategies, biological factors such as height, weight, body mass index (BMI) and pubertal status. Recently boys have been included in epidemiological studies of eating disorders. Eating disorder psychopathology has most usually been reported as the dependent variable in risk factor research. Conclusions from the current literature highlight that boys do exhibit some of the psychological and biological factors that have been identified as eating disorders risk factors for girls. It is unlikely that an evidence-based treatment approach for boys and young men will be developed without multicentred trials that ensure adequate treatment sample sizes.