This introductory chapter treats the early history of Rome’s literature, who was interested in the topic and when, and also how they approached the subject. It notes that from the start Roman literature was deeply imitative of Greek, and that the other peoples of the Italian peninsula also played important roles in the creation of a native literature. Indeed, many of the original writers of Rome were non-Romans. Covers the epics of Livius Andronicus, Naevius, and Ennius.

The author has always shown interest in bilinguals who are also bicultural – also known as bicultural bilinguals. In this chapter, he concentrates on the bicultural component of these bilinguals: they take part, to varying degrees, in the life of two or more cultures; they adapt, at least in part, their attitudes, behaviors, values, languages, and so on to these cultures; and they combine and blend aspects of the cultures involved. He then evokes how one becomes bicultural and how biculturalism evolves over time. This is followed by his proposal to adapt the language mode concept to account for how biculturals modify their behaviors in different situations. Biculturals find themselves at various points along a situational continuum – cultural this time – that requires different types of behavior and attitudes depending on the situation. At one end they are in a monocultural mode, and at the other end they are in a bicultural mode. The last two sections concern bicultural identity and the question of whether bicultural bilinguals change personality when they change language.

This chapter explores what is involved in global assignments, from moving abroad to returning home. Topics include: the purposes and types of global assignments; potential benefits and challenges of living and working globally; dealing with culture shock; choosing an acculturation strategy; and successful repatriation

This chapter explores cultural environments, including a look at the nature and characteristics of cultures and subcultures; several contemporary models of national cultures; recent refinements to the models and how they can help managers understand some of the nuances of cultural differences; how managers can use these models to better understand managerial and organizational behavior; and the challenges and opportunities of cultural diversity and multiculturalism.

The Introduction explains the history of Haiti and the Dominican Republic and the evolution of the border between the two from the colonial period through the twentieth century. It focuses on the transformation of the border that began with the US occupation and culminated in the genocidal policy of Trujillo. The Introduction presents the ways in which Trujillo’s government confronted the contradictory problem posed by a population that the state recognized as Dominican citizens, but that the state rejected as ethnically and racially undesireable. It demonstrates that the perpetrators of the 1937 Haitian Massacre understood that they were unleashing violence against their own citizens, and not only immigrants and squatters. It considers the 1937 Haitian Massacre in light of its remarkable absence within the evolving field of genocide studies, as well as its comparative significance in relationship to other twentieth-century histories of anti-Black violence in the Americas.