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antihypertensive medications

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20 - Hypertensive Emergencies
from Section 4 - Cardiovascular Emergencies
- By Nadine Himelfarb
Edited by Kaushal Shah, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, Jarone Lee, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
Edited in association with Clark G. Owyang, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, Benjamin Christian Renne, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
Book:

Practical Emergency Resuscitation and Critical Care

Published online:

02 November 2023

Print publication:

23 November 2023, pp 177-186
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Summary

Hypertension is defined as a systolic blood pressure (SBP) higher than 130 mmHg, or a diastolic blood pressure (DBP) higher than 80 mmHg. Hypertension may be essential (primary), meaning that it is not linked to an obvious underlying cause, or it may be secondary to a known etiology or other systemic disorder.
Of people with known hypertension, 1–2% will present with an acutely elevated blood pressure referred to as a “hypertensive crisis.” It is often due to factors that exacerbate a preexisting hypertension, such as medication noncompliance or substance abuse.