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Hypertension is defined as a systolic blood pressure (SBP) higher than 130 mmHg, or a diastolic blood pressure (DBP) higher than 80 mmHg. Hypertension may be essential (primary), meaning that it is not linked to an obvious underlying cause, or it may be secondary to a known etiology or other systemic disorder.
Of people with known hypertension, 1–2% will present with an acutely elevated blood pressure referred to as a “hypertensive crisis.” It is often due to factors that exacerbate a preexisting hypertension, such as medication noncompliance or substance abuse.

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