Field violet germination occurred during May to early July and again during September to November in Nova Scotia (N.S.), Canada. Germination occurred from October until early April in the North Carolina (NC) piedmont. Germination was stimulated by tillage. Seed collected in N.S. and in NC germinated optimally in the dark under a temperature regime of 15/5 C, on an 8/16 h thermoperiod. Germination at constant temperatures decreased with increasing temperatures, from 5 to 25 C. Seed collected in NC was capable of germinating at a higher constant temperature of 25 C than seed collected in N.S. Germination of seed collected in NC was partially inhibited by constant irradiance with a photosynthetic photon flux density of 100 μM m−2 s−1 (400 to 700 nm). Seed did not germinate when exposed to constant red or far-red irradiance.

Herbicides were evaluated for control of field violet in strawberries in North Carolina and in Nova Scotia, Canada. DCPA at 11.0 kg ai ha−1 and terbacil at 0.5 kg ai ha−1 PRE controlled field violet 80 to 95%. Control with simazine PRE at 1.0 kg ai ha−1 was 70 to 75%. Oxyfluorfen at 0.6 to 1.1 kg ai ha−1 controlled 95 to 100% of the established field violet in dormant strawberries following a mid-winter application. Control with acifluorfen and lactofen applied during mid-winter was 75 to 90%. Oxyfluorfen applied to dormant plantings at rates in excess of 0.60 kg ai ha−1 caused foliar damage; however, yield was not reduced at rates up to 4.5 kg ha−1. Oxyfluorfen at 0.25 kg ha−1 caused severe injury to newly-transplanted strawberries.