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us party primaries

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How Local Factions Pressure Parties: Activist Groups and Primary Contests in the Tea Party Era
Rachel M. Blum, Mike Cowburn
Journal:

British Journal of Political Science / Volume 54 / Issue 1 / January 2024

Published online by Cambridge University Press:

23 June 2023, pp. 88-109

Print publication:

January 2024
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The contemporary Republican Party has been the site of asymmetric partisan entrenchment and factional infighting. We test whether factional pressure from a far-right faction (the Tea Party) exacerbated the party's rightward movement with a granular analysis of Republican factionalism at the congressional district level. We develop a measure of local factionalism using novel datasets of activist presence and primary contests. Then, we conduct a difference-in-differences analysis to assess whether local factionalism in the Tea Party era heightened Republican partisanship and legislative extremism at the district level. We find that districts that experienced factional pressure moved rightward on both measures. These findings help clarify how the Tea Party captured the Republican Party and support a focus on the role of party factions in fomenting partisan conflict.